Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resulting from a direct or indirect blow to the head, causing transient neurological dysfunction. While most concussions resolve within 7–10 days, physiotherapists play a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of persistent symptoms, safe return to activity, and rehabilitation of associated impairments. Effective concussion management begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a detailed history of the injury, symptom presentation, cognitive function, vestibular-ocular function, and cervical spine integrity.
In the acute phase, physiotherapists provide education on the importance of initial physical and cognitive rest, followed by a gradual return to activity. Once acute symptoms subside, active rehabilitation strategies can begin. These may include graded aerobic exercise, vestibular rehabilitation, manual therapy for cervical dysfunction, and vision or balance retraining. Monitoring symptom response throughout this process is essential to avoid symptom exacerbation and ensure patient safety.
Physiotherapists must also be skilled in identifying red flags that may indicate more serious brain injury or complications, warranting referral to medical specialists. A collaborative approach involving general practitioners, neurologists, neuropsychologists, and occupational therapists can optimise outcomes. Physiotherapists are uniquely positioned to guide return-to-play decisions through objective physical assessments and functional testing, helping to ensure the individual is fully recovered before resuming sport or high-risk activities.
In summary, concussion management within physiotherapy is not only about symptom resolution, but also about restoring function, preventing further injury, and supporting the individual’s safe reintegration into daily life and sport. By combining clinical expertise with patient education and interprofessional collaboration, physiotherapists are integral to effective concussion care.
